Reading comprehension -TOEFL- Lesson 150 (Đọc hiểu -TOEFL- Bài 150)
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In the early 1800s, to reach the jump-off point for the West, a family from the East of the United States could either buy steamboat passage to Missouri for themselves, their wagons, and their livestock or-as happened more often-simply pile everything into a wagon, hitch up 5 a team, and begin their overland trek right in their front yard.
Along the macadamized roads and turnpikes east of the Missouri River, travel was comparatively fast, camping easy, and supplies plentiful. Then, in one river town or another, the neophyte emigrants would 10 pause to lay in provisions. For outfitting purposes, the town of Independence had been preeminent ever since 1827, but the rising momentum of pioneer emigration had produced some rival jump-off points. Westport and Fort Leavenworth flourished a few miles upriver. St. Joseph had sprung up 55 miles to the northwest; in fact, emigrants 15 who went to Missouri by riverboat could save four days on the trail by staying on the paddle-wheelers to St. Joe before striking overland.
At whatever jump-off point they chose, the emigrants studied guidebooks and directions, asked questions of others as green as themselves, 20 and made their final decisions about outfitting. They had various, sometimes conflicting, options. For example, either pack animals or two-wheel carts or wagons could be used for the overland crossing. A family man usually chose the wagon. It was the costliest and slowest of the three, but it provided space and shelter for children and 25 for a wife who likely as not was pregnant. Everybody knew that a top-heavy covered wagon might blow over in a prairie wind or be overturned by mountain rocks, that it might mire in river mud or sink to its hubs in desert sand-but maybe if those things happened on this trip, they would happen to someone else. Anyway, most pioneers, with their 30 farm background, were used to wagons.
Along the macadamized roads and turnpikes east of the Missouri River, travel was comparatively fast, camping easy, and supplies plentiful. Then, in one river town or another, the neophyte emigrants would 10 pause to lay in provisions. For outfitting purposes, the town of Independence had been preeminent ever since 1827, but the rising momentum of pioneer emigration had produced some rival jump-off points. Westport and Fort Leavenworth flourished a few miles upriver. St. Joseph had sprung up 55 miles to the northwest; in fact, emigrants 15 who went to Missouri by riverboat could save four days on the trail by staying on the paddle-wheelers to St. Joe before striking overland.
At whatever jump-off point they chose, the emigrants studied guidebooks and directions, asked questions of others as green as themselves, 20 and made their final decisions about outfitting. They had various, sometimes conflicting, options. For example, either pack animals or two-wheel carts or wagons could be used for the overland crossing. A family man usually chose the wagon. It was the costliest and slowest of the three, but it provided space and shelter for children and 25 for a wife who likely as not was pregnant. Everybody knew that a top-heavy covered wagon might blow over in a prairie wind or be overturned by mountain rocks, that it might mire in river mud or sink to its hubs in desert sand-but maybe if those things happened on this trip, they would happen to someone else. Anyway, most pioneers, with their 30 farm background, were used to wagons.
1. What is the topic of this passage?
2. All of the following can be inferred from the passage about travel east of the Missouri EXCEPT that it
3. The phrase "jump-off point" in lines 1, 13 and 18 is closest in meaning to
4. Which of the cities that served as a jump-off point can be inferred from the passage to be farthest west?
5. The word "preeminent" in line 11 is closest in meaning to
6. The author implies in the passage that the early emigrants
7. The word "neophyte" in line 9 is closest in meaning to
8. All of the following were mentioned in the passage as options for modes of transportation from the Missouri River to the West EXCEPT
9. In line 16, the word "striking" is closest in meaning to
10. The expression "green" in line 19 is closest in meaning to
11. All of the following features of the covered wagon made it unattractive to the emigrants EXCEPT
12. In line 28, the phrase "those things" refers to
